The Awakening Personality Developments Essay Example For Students

The Awakening Personality Developments Essay PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTThe idea that one can understand and comprehend the development of an individual is profound and abstruse, but very few people have actually had success dealing with such a topic. From obstacles such as proper test subjects to the whole stigma of taboo attached in trying to understand the human mind, researchers and psychologists have had success. One of the most notable successes is that of Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychology, as we know it. Freuds in depth pioneering journey into the minds of people, and how the mind itself develops with the passing of time and events. Other modern psychologists have elaborated on Freud, including the psychologists Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Their thoughts on the personality development of people relate directly to Kate Chopins book, The Awakening. In this book, the theories discussed by Freud and his successors are shown explicitly and implicitly. We will write a custom essay on The Awakening Personality Developments specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously, Sigmund Freuds work in the field of personality development was by far the most prolific and controversial. The father of modern psychology, Freud broke all barriers to expose what he thought to be the real reasons for human behavior. His theories of personality development can best start with the discussion of the conscious and the unconscious mind. The conscious mindalong with the lesser preconscious mindis that part of the mind that one has control, or knowledge of. Ironically, this is the least part of the mind that one has control over. The so called subconscious mind is the part of the mind that lurks beneath the surface, filled with instincts, emotions, and unfulfilled desires (Shaffer 26). The total human mind is divided into the famous three parts of the Id, the ego, and the superego. The Id can be correlated directly to the subconscious, since it contains ones innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires, or as Freud would call them, wishes. The Id represents ones innermost and primitive desires, such as food and reproduction, and it constantly drives ones actions. The total antithesis of the Id is the superego. The superego in the case of personality development, comes directly from parents. This superego is consisted of the conscience (punishments and warnings) and the ego ideal (positive rewards and role models). Thus the superego can be defined as what keeps the Id in check, which leads to the ego. The ego is the rationalizing factor, it is the result of the superego and the Id, canceling each other out. The ego is the compromise between the Id and the superego, and it seeks to solve the problems that an individual may face. The ego is the visible part of the mind, and it is with the ego that individuals can either raise or lower themselves. Thus having discussed Freuds analysis of the brain, it seems logical to determine how the mind responds to events that in turn lead to the development of the individual. Freud mentions things such as traumatical events, which can affect ones development that trigger what he calls defense mechanisms (Shaffer 61). One example would be suppression, wherein one tries to bury and put away all that is bothering them, such as the loss of a loved one, etc. This suppression may resurface at the wrong time (since its never been dealt with) and can have harmful effects on the individual. Another example would repression, or forgetting such a trauma occurred. Another well known mechanism would be denial, wherein one denies that something will happen, or denies the severity of such an event. All these things have one thing in common; that when a person doesnt deal with a situation properly, it can affect them later on in life, when it is most likely unwanted (Cooper 73). Freud also dealt with the development of the child, and how ones upbringing can affect ones adult life. .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postImageUrl , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:visited , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active { border:0!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:active , .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcc864d781e181299993f27b5dafffff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Malthus` Population Essay Skipping the parts of Oedipal-complex, etc., the one Freudian dogma that sticks out, especially in relation to the story is the lack of the mother theory. In this case which applies to the main character of The Awakening, Edna, a loss of the mother leads to a female child to lose her female role model, thus making her more manly, etc. This is

Phantom Limbs essays

Phantom Limbs essays In the novel Pride and Prejudice, five couples decide to marry for various reasons. Elizabeth and Darcy unlike the other couples marry for love, while others marry for physical attraction, social status happiness and necessity. Various quotes through out the book show the true meaning of why these couples married each other. Why did each couple marry each other? Which couple married for the rightful reasons? The true meaning for marriage should be love, love that overpasses any obstacle. Elizabeth and Darcy fall in love for common interest. Miss Eliza Bennet, said Miss Bingley, despises cards. She is a great reader and has no pleasure in anything else (Austen, 33). Further on in the book Miss Bennet says What a delightful library you have at Pemberley, Mr. Darcy! (Austen, 34). This shows a common interest in Darcy and Elizabeth for books and reading. Common interest strengthens love and gives marriage more of a value. Darcy and Elizabeth portray a marriage which shows attraction of common interest. Elizabeth and Darcys love is pure as well. Darcy tells Elizabeth, In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you (Austen, 160). Elizabeth talking to Jane says Perhaps I did not always love him so well as I do now (Austen, 311). The love that Darcy and Elizabeth feel for each other is mutual. Therefore Darcy and Elizabeth marry for having common interests and pure love as well. Jane and Bingleys marriage depended upon mutual attraction and love. This is shown in the beginning of the novel when Bingley thought of her to be the prettiest girl at the ball, and danced with her twice (Austen, 13). This strengthened his attraction towards Jane. Janes idea of marriage was of someone who loved and re ...

Product Reaaessent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Reaaessent - Research Paper Example Demand for bottled water continues to expand in global popularity; however, several restaurants, schools, natural food stores and municipalities in the United States have decided to consume tap water instead of packaged products. Bottled water marketers are striving to find out the contributing factors to this trend and institute appropriate mechanisms to regain the initial market share. Manufacturers pack bottled water in transparent plastic bottles. This water is used in schools, homes, restaurants and municipalities. The cost of bottled water varies between $500 and $1,000 per cubic meter in the United States (Worldwatch Institute, 2013). The demanders for this water include young, middle aged and the old aged people. Consumers hold a belief that these packaged products are cleaner, safer and more convenient than tap water. The estimated consumption of bottled water in the United States is 27.6 gallons per person (Worldwatch Institute, 2013). Marketers target 100% of the United St ates population since water is a basic need for survival. Reasons for Declining Demand for Bottled Water The economic status of consumers influences the demand decisions for bottled water. The price of tap water is $0.50 per cubic meter as compared to bottled water that ranges between $500 to 1,000 for the same quantity (Worldwatch Institute, 2013). ... the minority groups spend 1% of their income on bottled water as compared to stable citizens who spend only 0.4% of their income on this product (Gleick, 2011). The reason for this could be higher marginal propensities to save and invest that characterize the financially stable citizens than the minorities. The general trend for consumption of bottled water reveals that financially stable citizens buy bottled water because they can afford while the minorities are scared away due to unaffordable prices. The age and gender constituting the market share determines the number of consumers for bottled water. Young and females are more likely to drink bottled water than the aged and the males. Young people are susceptible to advertising and marketing promotions, which are the primary selling strategies used by the bottled water companies. This proportion of the population spends most of its time watching televisions programs and reading newspapers. The population of young people in the Uni ted States has decreased considerably over years. The high probability of female drinking bottled water is consistent with the previous study findings on gender differences on health risks associated with health and food (Gleick, 2011). The educated population of female spends less time on television due to commitments to work and family matters. The number of women watching television programs and reading newspapers has decreased, thus reducing people who access bottled water advertisements. Ethnic and regional backgrounds of consumers affect the consumption of bottled water. A research carried out in the year 2011 revealed that the residents of Midwest and West mountain areas are less likely to use bottled water either for purposes of primary drinking or special occasions (Gleick, 2011).

Health Economic summer 2010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Economic summer 2010 - Essay Example Gordon et al. (2010) have researched the impact of such tests on smoking cessation programmes and chain smokers considering the costs involved. Their research focus has been to evaluate the impact of genetic test needs of routine smoking cessation programmes on chain smokers to measure the cost effectiveness of such initiatives. No quality methods can measure the impact of such health interventions except the cost valuation approaches used within cost-benefit analysis. Through the use of common currency result measures, researchers have estimated the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) to measure the validity of running such tests. Already much work has been accomplished regarding cost per QALY estimates by clinicians and through smoking cessation services. General impression on carrying genetic tests has been positive for treatment interventions but QALY assessment is not enough to evaluate the complex effect due to psychosocial nature of the treatment for public and individu al health impact. There have been limitations in deriving results as one-size does not fit to all (Kelly et al. 2005). The cost-utility analysis (CUA)evaluations can measure health impacts by making comparisons in all fields of health that help in distribution of resources but are unable to map the non-health outcomes and opportunity cost of such programmes (Kelly et al. 2005). The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) appraises all costs and benefits through currency terms. In case the benefits are more than costs, it is suggested to spend more money on such programmes and in case the reverse is happening, further investment can be put on hold. The CBA approach is appealing and genuine but it is a complex mechanism to perform appraisal because monetary terms are involved for evaluating health and economic viability of conducting genetic tests. Economists’ evaluations not recommended previously can be attempted as has been done to measure the changed impact of taxation on drinking alco hol and smoking of cigarettes to further the research on it (Kelly et al. 2005). Gordon et al. (2010) have used two strategic models for a hypothetical cohort of chain smokers above 50 years of age. By selecting people who have both undergone and not taken the genetic test in a smoking cessation intervention, they have included nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and counseling. Data has been captured to be based on Markov model considering randomized examination and meta-evaluation of 12-month quit rates and long-term relapse rate for measuring risk of lung cancer to participants in the intervention. The model covered five health states. As per the two strategies, the smoking cessation programmes were run with and without genetic tests producing results that the people may not, probably enter into relapse and start smoking again as evaluated from the outcomes of 12 months (Gordon et al. 2010). A cohort of 50 years old men and women consuming 20 cigarettes a day entered the smoking c essation programme. Generally, such an initiative considers general practitioners’ advice, telephone counseling and NRT treatment given during 12 weeks. There have been in practice some pharmacological treatments with better smoking cessation rates but NRT is widely accepted as a means of quitting smoking. For genetic testing blood samples are collected to for

Financial Analysis of Tesla Motors Research Paper

Financial Analysis of Tesla Motors - Research Paper Example Tesla Motors, Inc is an automobile company, which was established in the year 2003. The company headquarters is located at Palo Alto, California, in the United States. The company specializes in the design, manufacture, and sale of electric cars and electric vehicle power train components. The Tesla Motors, Inc is presently listed in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. Apart from private investors the Toyota Group, which has a 10% stake in the company and the Daimler Ag, which has a 4.7% stake in the company, also own the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most revered products produced by the company is the Tesla Roadster, which was the first fully electric sports car that it produced, followed by the Model S, which is a fully electric luxury sedan. Additionally, the company is also revered for the production of electric power train components such as the lithium-ion battery packs that are normally sold to other automakers such as the Toyota Motor Company and the Daimler Motor Company, which is the manufacturer of the Mercedes Benz brands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is noted that despite being in operation since the year 2003, the company was only able to post its first profits, which was $11.2 million US dollars in the first quarter of 2013. According to the company’s Chief Executive Officer, its plan for the future is to become an independent automaker. with the capability

Airline and Airport Management: Motivation Theories

Airline and Airport Management: Motivation Theories Introduction This report will analyse the changing world of work and how it has changed a lot recently. The writer will also examine the trends and issues that have affected and may affect the aviation industry both present and in the future by using real world examples, theories to approach a valid conclusion. Motivation Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper. A Theory of Human Motivation, which he subsequently extended to include his observations of humans innate curiosity. Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Five major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are Maslows need-hierarchy theory, Herzbergs two- factor theory, Vrooms expectancy theory, Adams equity theory, and Skinners reinforcement theory. According to Maslow, employees have five levels of needs (Maslow, 1943): physiological, safety, social, ego, and self- actualizing. Maslow argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. Herzbergs work categorized motivation into two factors: motivators and hygienes (Herzberg, Mausner, Snyderman, 1959). Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction. Vrooms theory is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). Rewards may be either positive or negative. The more positive the reward the more likely the employee will be highly motivated. Conversely, the more negative the reward the less likely the employee will be motivated. Adams theory states that employees strive for equity between themselves and other workers. Equity is achieved when the ratio of employee outcomes over inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs (Adams, 1965). Skinners theory simply states those employees behaviours that lead to positive outcomes will be repeated and behaviours that lead to negative outcomes will not be repeated (Skinner, 1953). Managers should positively reinforce employee behaviours that lead to positive outcomes. Managers should negatively reinforce employee behaviour that leads to negative outcomes. Organisational Culture When together all employees or the group of people work to achieve the organisational goal, the organisations are become operational and successful. Therefore, organisational change is possible only when employees of the organisation understand the need for change, buy-in the idea of change, are motivated towards the change, and express their interest (McGuire D. Hutchings K., 2006; Beer M. et al, 1990). Other researchers (e.g. Tichy, 1983) acknowledge the frustration that managers feel when their organisations do not respond to elaborately analyzed plans, where there is a lack of interaction between decision and action. Teamwork Teamworking also offers the employees the opportunity to meet their social needs, as identified by Maslow. (Surridge, M., Gillespie, A. p199) When working in teams there are many people that may have different views and opinions, also not forgetting personalities. Different views are not a problem as such but the expression of views can be a problem. Many people unintentionally may say or do things that may affect certain members by making them upset or even generally uncomfortable. Good communication does not indicate being able to stand on stage and just tell the public a message. Leadership is about having a set of values and believing in them, but it is also having foresight, knowledge and intuition, especially about people. Leaders can not expect others to believe in them if they do not believe in themselves. (Malpas M., 2006 cited by Porter K. et al, 2006) Leadership is about listening to people, supporting and encouraging them and involving them in the decision-making and problem-solving process. (Levine S. and Crom M., 1994, cited by Holbeche L., 1998) The Four Basic Leadership styles: Autocratic This is often considered the classical approach. It is one in which the manager retains as much power and decision-making authority as possible. The manager does not consult employees are they allowed to give any input. Employees are expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations. The motivation environment is produced by creating a structured set of rewards and punishments. Bureaucratic leadership is where the manager manages by the bookÂÂ ¨ everything must be done according to procedure or policy. If it isnt covered by the book, the manager refers to the next level above him or her. This manager is really more of a police officer than a leader. He or she enforces the rules. Laissez-faire The laissez-faire leadership style is also known as the hands-offÂÂ ¨ style. It is one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Democratic The democratic leadership style is also called the participative style as it encourages employees to be a part of the decision making. The democratic manager keeps his or her employees informed about everything that affects their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities. Communication Skills According to Stephen Covey, communication is the most important skill in life. This is no less true for managerial efforts to invest everyone from the total corporate environment toward change, in these demanding times, on behalf of their organisational life (Kotter, 1993, 1996, p. 3 and Mainelli, p. 1). Managements ability to generate trust in the sensibility of their vision- the power of which can only be unleashed when those involved in an enterprise or activity have a common understanding of its goals and direction- including employees and customers (Miller p. 219 and Kotter, 1996, p. 85). Waltslawick et al. conclude: 1. Meanings are not transferred- they are created in the minds of the perceivers, 2. Anything is a potential message, 3. The message perceived is the only one that counts, 4. Interpersonal messages have content and relational components, 5. Communication interaction can be either symmetrical or complementary, 6. Effective communication is hard work (Axley, 1996, pp. 53-63). More over (Daly et al., 2003) Internal communication is important in communicating change. Others focus on the constructional phases of change, where communication is vital to mutual understanding of the problems organisations have to face in order to meet the challenges, and need to change (Bennebroek Gravenhorst et al., 1999). Technology in the workplace Technology in the 21st century has advanced in many ways, people in many organisation use technology to work and communicate. In todays society people dont like to wait to get checked or served, this could include paying bills, topping up payment cards, shopping etc. The writers own workplace at the airport bmibaby have brought 10 new kiosk machines where passengers can check themselves in, this is more useful for passenger who are carrying hand luggage only and can check in at the machines and prints of their boarding pass and head straight to departures without even queuing up for the check in agent to check them in. Work Related Stress The writer works with airline bmibaby at the airport is most definitely stressful. As the writer own personal experience in everyday work a lot goes on at work, staff have to work together as a team making sure that everything is done on time and passengers are correctly checked in and board the flight on time without causing any disruptions. Alternatively, increased flexibility, responsibility, and learning opportunity in todays workplace may offer workers greater potential for self-direction, skill development, and career growth, leading to reduced stress and increased satisfaction and well being. Assessed online www.direct.gov.uk/work_related_stress PESTEL ANALYSIS The PESTEL framework categorises environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. (Johnson and Scholes, 2002) BMIbaby PESTEL Analysis (P)olitical EU expansion Severe security measures and restrictions Climate protection charge French government support for national carriers New EU regulations (E)conomic Fuel price increases EU expansion Europe: cars and taxi hires (S)ocial Increasing travelling lifestyles Increasing business travels Market increase (T)echnological Technology expansion Low fuel consumptions Internet competition Internet online sales (E)nvironmental Noise level controls Green house carbon emissions (L)egal Allegations of misleading advertising Illegal subsidies from airport Conclusion For effective change management process, good communication between management and staff is imperative. In order to keep competitive advantages and to minimize fundamental effects of political and economical disturbance, the continuous change is required but this should be taken place with the involvement of each and every member of staff. In the process of decision making, if employees are taken into confidence and are convinced about the required change while taking them on board in decision making process, they would as a part of change management process adhere and admire the change. On the other hand, if they are left disconnected and arent motivated about this change process, subsequently their spirit and enthusiasm will go down. List of References Dale, G., (2007) Btec National Travel and Tourism Book 1. Oxford, Heinemann Directgov Workplace Stress http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/HealthAndSafetyAtWork/DG_10026604 Fyall, A and Morgan, M (2009) Marketing in the Travel and Tourism. Oxford, Heinemann Page 88-90 Holbeche L. (1998), Motivating People in Lean Organizations, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Nicholson, I., (2001). Giving Up Maleness: Abraham Maslow, Masculinity, and the Boundaries of Psychology. History of Psychology, 2, 79-91 http://www.essortment.com/all/leadershipstyle_rrnq.htm Porter K., Smith P., Fagg R, (2006) Leadership and Management for HR Professional Leadership and Motivation at work Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Surridge. M., 2005. AS Business Studies. 2nd edn. London: Hodder Arnold. Trade Unions, 2010 Available at: https://www.tuc.org.uk/tuc/unions_main.cfm Turban, Efraim (2002), Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective, Prentice Hall, Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Wahba, M.A. Bridwell, L. G. (1976). Maslow Reconsidered: A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory. Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance 15, 212-240

Essay --

Everglades National Park is sanction to some of the most exceptional animal and plant ecosystems. From the tall, sunny rock pinelands to the humid, lush hardwood hammocks to the tropical, sawgrass marsh, the everglades is believed to be one of the most diverse and astonishing ecosystems in the United States. Sounds of birds tickle your eardrums, beautiful flowers bloom in the radiant morning sun, animals graze peacefully as they go about their day in their natural habitat. It is a breath taking sight and the most popular place for sightseers to go observe the wildlife or kick back and relax and take in the soothing fresh air. As you travel deeper into the hammocks you start to notice over population of certain plants. These types of plants are called invasive species, which are plants that are brought form other countries and other ecosystems and inserted into the everglades ecosystem. These plants begin to take over the everglades and eventually kill off and prevent native plants from growing. Plants like the Brazilian pepper, which kills all surrounding vegetation and can cause skin irritation, are of the highest threat to the everglades. They currently cover about 700,000 acres of north and southern Florida, and about 400,000 acres just in the Everglades National Park. Roughly 18,000 plants species are native to the numerous ecosystems of North America. Our native flora, United States native plants, allocates the infrastructure of the historic American landscape and determines the diverse ecosystems and regions of our country. These plants also supply natural sources of food, fiber, and other elements that we rely on for everyday life. The communities of various native plants have been significantly minimized as a result of ... ...r controlled activities. Natural upheaval such as fires, floods, tornadoes, and tree falls also provide way for invasive species to grow. The huge change brought upon the Florida landscape over the last few hundred years has set things out of balance. Without exotic species, native species and ecosystems would normally benefit from natural disturbances because they provide a chance for genetic mixing and nutrient recycling to occur. In early 2008, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Everglades National Park joined together to initiate a Florida Invaders, a program used to raise awareness about what’s being done and what we should do to help stop invasive flora and fauna from spreading. â€Å"The program was a good start but they should further raise awareness of the seriousness of the problem,† said Christine Beck, Ecology teaching assistant and FIU.