Nursing Theory Influences The Practice Of Nursing Practice

Introduction Nursing theory influences the practice of nursing in numerous ways that can have an important impact. Theory provides a framework to support and define nursing practice, support quality of patient care, and can be implemented in practice, to provide solutions to nursing practice problems. Applying theory to resolve nursing issues can be utilized in educational and research settings, direct patient care concerns, as well as in administration and management of nursing services. The benefits of applying theory to practice can be demonstrated by applying Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The theory can be described as an expanded view of self and person, caring-healing consciousness, intentionality to care and promote healing, caring consciousness, caring moments, unbroken wholeness, and advanced caring-healing modalities (Watson, 2008). The sections of this paper will be the introduction, description of the issue, application of selected nursing theory to the concern, and the conclusion. Watson’s Theory Applied to Staffing Issues The specific issue being presented is staffing issues on the inpatient clinical units. Supporting nurse staffing ensures quality nursing care for patients and can be a challenge for nurse managers and administrators. Failure to provide sufficient staffing numbers and compassionate nurse staff has been demonstrated to negatively impact patient satisfaction and patient outcomes. The nursing staffingShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy Has Influenced The Development Of Nursing1572 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing Philosophy has influenced the development of nursing. Philosophy of Nursing promotes the application of nursing knowledge and helps develop nursing theory and knowledge. Nursing theories and philosophies of nursing influence each other. Nurses designed Philosophy of nursing to explain the beliefs, role, and interaction with patients. Philosophy is the application of one s knowledge to different situations that occurs when practicing as a nurse. It changes the identities, beliefRead MoreHistorical Timeline of Nursing Theories978 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - FlorenceRead MoreHistorical Timelime1152 Words   |  5 Pagesevolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is thereforeRead MoreNursing Timeline1137 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The 19th century marked the beginning of professional nursing. Florence Nightingale was the legend behind it as she began the struggle of nurses being recognized as professionals. It is hard to believe that nurses were once assigned to the job as a sentence for crimes committed or for the women who were too old or sick to hold conventional jobs. Nightingale’s focus included infection control, documentationRead MoreAssumptions. Nursing Theoretical Works Tend To Evolve Around990 Words   |  4 Pages Assumptions Nursing theoretical works tend to evolve around four metaparadigms notions. The metaparadigms are patient, environment, health and nursing practice. Nursing theory helps explain phenomena throughout nursing practice. Ideally, a nursing theory should be versatile, comprehensive and address the four nursing metaparadigms to successfully be implemented into nursing practice. Patient For this discussion, the definitive answer for being human is not limited to HomoRead MoreImportance Of Nursing Theory For Nursing Practice1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Nursing Theory Alvin McDonald Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice September, 2016 The Importance of Nursing Theory Nursing theory is the skeleton on which the profession and practice of nursing rests. It is a construct of concepts specific to nursing that shapes and guides nursing practice. Nursing theory can guide nursing practice by giving a particular focus to nursing practice (Algase, 2015). Nursing theory provides the foundationRead MoreCulture Care Theory And Application1713 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Care Theory and Application Nursing theory is foundational to nursing practice; however, there exists a reciprocal relationship between practice and theory. Through examining nursing theory, the nurse can make better-informed decisions about the patient’s care. In addition, the theory will influence the care for future patients as well. One theorist that changed the landscape of nursing is Madeleine Leininger. Her culture care theory changed the dialogue of healthcare regarding care. ThisRead MoreHistorical Development Nursing Timeline1331 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In orderRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 Pagesits rules, beliefs, theories, and principles. This aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession dealsRead MoreNursing Philosophy and Code of Et hics Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are philosophical forces that make up and direct each nurse’s practice. Burkhardt and Nathaniel (2008) note philosophy as â€Å"the intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumptions (pp. 27). One incorporates knowledge and beliefs to make up their philosophical forces. Possessing outstanding philosophical forces allows one to be respectful, well rounded and possess good character. Some examples of ways one has been respectful towards another person’s beliefs are discussed in the next paragraph

The Effect Of The Energy Drink With Taurine - 1542 Words

The â€Å"energy† it means that that drink gave us power to get up and do things. It energizes us so we can accomplish something. The biological definition of energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity Caffeine, sugars and many more provide energy by stimulating the central nervous system giving the body a sense of alertness. It can raise heart rate and blood pressure while dehydrating the body. First, from what it understand the amount of caffeine is 100-200 mg more than soda or the average cup of coffee. Energy drinks also contain something that our body produces called: Taurine. Taurine increases and helps level out energy levels thru out our bodies again, our bodies are designed to do this naturally but this isn’t safe to do on a daily basis. Among other things sugar, B12 and other ingredients. The major component is that the effects of the energy drink with taurine, caffeine content the content is the same as the case of taurine 1000mg. In the case of the highest maximum 80mg caffeine content made in the range of not more than 0.015% based on expression adjusted. In the case of products put the caffeine and material divided caffeine, a natural product that is not a strong point with organic ingredients. Some products that use food coloring to find a variegated hues juice beverages while. The factors that threaten healthy child coloring a tar dye drinks. The most commonly used edible tar colors that the yellow of the yellow No. 04.Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Energy Drink Consumption On All Age Groups Are Real And Impacts1613 Words   |  7 Pageslimited English sources dated 2005 to 2010, energy drinks have become more popular among teenagers and young adults (Rath, 2012). SixWise.com’s (2008) article â€Å"What is really in a hot dog?† provided evidence that just because the product is purchased by the public does not automatically mean it is beneficial long term (Wyrick). This new craze of energy drinks has the world consuming them at a staggering rate. The debates concerning the effects among energy drink consumption in all age groups are realRead MoreEnergy Drinks and the Effects on Adolescents and Academics1121 Words   |  5 Pagescommonly consumed energy drink brands were; Rockstï‚ «r Energy Drink, Monster Energy, Red Bull Energy Drink, Redline Extreme Energy, and Amp Energy Boost Original Sugar Free. These energy drinks all have similar ingredients with varying amounts of caffeine and â€Å"blend† combinations. Caffeine Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and potentially deadly in large amounts, especially for adolescents (Hershorin, Lipschulz, Schaechter Seifert, 2011). Caffeine is one the most common energy drink ingredients andRead MoreThe Chemistry Of Energy Drinks1135 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy drinks are soda-like beverages that are chemically designed to boost your energy, performance, and increase stamina. Most of these drinks contain caffeine, sugar and many other ingredients including taurine, guarana, and ginseng. These products are generally marketed toward teanagers, students, athletes, and active people in general. As the popularity of these drinks increases so does the amount of reports they are receiving about the dangers of drinking these caffeinated substances. EnergyRead MoreA Can of Bull1284 Words   |  6 PagesA Can of Bull? Impulse Energy Drink Charley’s List of Questions Energy is the capacity to do work 1. Nature of each ingredient on the cans: Xcitrusblast: Amino acid: l-taurine, l-glutamine, Acid: Citric acid, pantothenic acid, hcl Concentrated water-based extraction: adaptogen blend Sugar: sucralose, acesulfame potassium, Vitamin: Niacin, cyanocobalamin Energy: Caffeine Salt: sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, Dye: yellow 5 Redbull: Amino acid: taurine Acid: glucuranolactoneRead MoreEffects of Energy Drinks1114 Words   |  5 PagesAre Energy Drinks Safe? Whether it is a long night studying or just not ready for the day, college students choose to drink energy drinks to get full energy. These highly caffeinated drinks come with stimulating names such as Red Bull, Monster, Full Throttle, or Rockstar. Although these drinks are marketed as a healthful stimulant, consumers should be aware of the potential side effects, as they can be very harmful to one’s health. Energy drinks are beverages whose producers advertise thatRead MorePros And Cons Of Energy Drinks1177 Words   |  5 PagesAs the selling of energy drinks begin to accelerate quickly over the years there has been the pros and cons of these kinds of beverages. Researchers have been finding evidence where adolescents have stated the hazards and benefits of these common drinks. In the early 2000s the percentages of consumptions of energy drinks from young children including early adults have rapidly been increasing over the years. The evidence that the Pediatrics is stating is proven and have reported that in 2003 an averageRead MoreEnergy Drinks Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pageshave a substantial lack of energy. Usually people who do not take care of themselves tend to eventually get more tired by mid-day and as their day goes on. A simple solution would be to go to bed earlier and eat better foods. However, our society has become very lazy, obese, and have started to take the easy way out over the years. Instead of eating better and trying to get more sleep, people drink energy drinks as an easy and fast way to get a boost of energy. Energy drinks have been around since theRead MoreThe Consumption Of Energy Drinks Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy drinks can be generally characterised as containing caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, inositol and a variety of B vitamins, including thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Caffeine, taurine and glucuronolactone are regulated as Natural Health Products under Schedule 1 of the NHP Regulations. The product Red Bull exemplifies a typical energy drink, where a single can serving of 250 ml contains 80 mg of caffeine, 1000 mg of taurine, 600 mg of glucuronolactoneRead MoreThe Effects Of Popular Energy Drinks On Young Adults And Teenagers1410 Words   |  6 PagesPopular energy drinks, such as Rockstar, 5-Hour Energy, and Monster are consumed by individuals, as a way to remain cog nizant, as well as alert, throughout their day. Many of the people consuming these drinks are young adults and teenagers. These people are oftentimes overwhelmed and busy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, states, â€Å"Energy drinks are beverages that typically contain caffeine, other plant-based stimulants, simple sugars, and other additives. They are very popularRead MoreEnergy Drinks Rationale815 Words   |  4 PagesRationale Energy drinks were maufactured for the purpose of providing mental and physical stimulation for a short period of time. They are specially formulated for people who needs extra energy and are looking for a temporary mental and physical booster in order to get through day to days activity. Energy drinks sprung in the global market wayback 1997 with Red Bull being the very first product that hit the market. Energy drinks contain different ingredients such as caffeine, sugars, taurine, ginseng

Philosophy of Leadership Free Essays

The purpose of this research is to examine the Philosophy of Leadership. I will be discussing different terms that relate to philosophy of leadership, theories and definitions. I will be discussing transactional leadership how it relates to philosophy, situational leadership, and generative leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leboeuf (1999) he defined philosophy as the rational investigation of the truth and principals of being knowledge or conduct(p. 28). Philosophy assumes that leadership rest in individuals who must be capable of inspiring and influencing others to solve problems and achieve goals (Sandmann, 1995). According to Peter (1966) philosophy should involve a particular mode of thinking directed to the disciplined demarcation of concepts, the patient explication of the grounds of knowledge and of the presuppositions of different forms of discourse (p. 15) The educational institution leader is first and formost a teacher. Their primary duties are to teach those that they lead and through them the students of the institution. Someone must make the decisions and take the responsibility to enforce them. There is no point in being a leader, however if no one is willing to follow and to be effective authority figures we must have the cooperation of those we lead. It is important for the leader to understand internalize and consider the perception of the host countrys leaders an the influence these leaders have in the smooth operation of the institution in conjunction with the local community . It is the responsibility of the leader to understand the complexities of the host community and to communicate to each of its member the attempt to actually participate in resolving issues. Leadership is personal unless you know who you are, what you are prepared to do and why then you cant hope to achieve anything very grand. Leaders are judge by how they stand up for their adopted principles and values, but most importantly by how they live a life according to these principles and values (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). According to Sergiovanni (1992) Our goal should be to develop a leadership practice based on professional moral authority (p. 29) . The uniqueness of the individual leader must be considerd and one should take cre to adopt strategies and behaviours that fit with the core personality (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). Generative leaders recognizes that there are multiple ways of knowing and surround themselves with other thought leaders, including those with whom they disagree. They use holistice, systems perspective in their thinking and move beyond perceived limitations of time,space,traditional thought and their own views of the world . Generative leaders are similar to transformative leaders in working with others to effect change, a generative leader however is one whose definition of success includes finding new options and solutions (Disch, 2009). Transformational leadership occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their employees, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purpose and mission of the look beyond their own self-interest for the good group. Transformational leaders achieve these results in one or more ways. They may be charismatic to their followers and thus inspire them; they may meet the emotional needs of each employee and they may intellectually stimulate employees (Bass 1990). Transfomational leadership communicates a vision that inspires and motivates people to achieve something extraordinary. Transformational leaders also have the ability to align people and systems so there is an integrity through-out the organization towords vision (Hughes Curphy,1994). According to Cacioppe (1997) Transformational leaders have a vision and an ability to inspire followers to incoperate higer values. It pulls them towards achieving an important challenge (p. 336) Context of Problem Academic leadership is necessary now more than ever. Leadership for today’s world requires enlarging one’s capacity to see the whole board. Leadership is define by the authors as the continuous act of influencing others to accomplish a common objective. Academic leadership is further define as the continuous act of influencing all constituents of an academic institution to accomplish its mission and to provide the best possible educational experience for students. Leadership is personal unless you know who you are ,what you are prepared to do and why, then you can’t hope to achieve anything very grand (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). Knowledge is define as the state or fact of knowing and it usually refers to knowledge gained by schooling and study. With that being said, it is very important to be knowledgeable about whatever your career of choice is. As an educator ,which I know that it is important to find different ways that one can become knowledgeable about what they do in the work place because most importantly teaching and interacting with others on a daily basis. Take this situation for an example, it is your first year as a teacher and the first semester is finally over. You are not an experienced teacher but you know the overall morale at your school is low, student achievement is down, and discipline issues are overwhelming. This is definitely not the atmosphere that they talked about in your teaching classes in college. You want to go to the administration but in your past meetings, you have not felt comfortable expressing your concerns. The principal talks to the teachers in a very disrespectful manner, does not address teacher issues and concerns, and never gives any positive feedback at faculty meetings. On top of that administration has visited your room several times and has never given you any feedback about what was seen or how you could improve your teaching. You feel unsupported, overwhelmed, and headed toward a rocky second semester. You need someone to talk to and you begin to think about a upport group that can give you some knowledge about your profession. You more than likely want a teacher that has been around for a while that knows all the ropes about education. Support groups are a great way to grow professionally and create knowledge. As a teacher, you fulfill a number of roles for your students both intellectually and socially. In addition to learning about different teaching tech niques, support groups can help you deal with the responsibilities and pressures that come with the profession. I believe that every new educator needs a teachers’ support group at their school. Taking the sole responsibility for starting a well-planned support group can be time-consuming but also be very rewarding for a teacher who is seeking to create knowledge in the workplace. It may also be helpful to invite colleagues to meet for a general discussion at least once a week so any questions or concerns can be addressed. As the group evolves, the details concerning agenda and procedures will iron out as you customize the group to fit whatever the knowledge one is seeking within the workplace. As we all know everyone does not know it is very important for an educator to be knowledgeable about what they do. Educator holds some very important lives in our hand and they need knowledge. For instance, if educators fail to make the goals attainable, students will never internalize or truly comprehend the skills and make them work in their own brains. Experts say they should steer clear of teaching children as if they were unfilled vessels for information (Barth, 2001). As an alternative, educator should allow them to construct knowledge in a process-oriented way. Instead of worksheets we should incorporate publishing and technology effectively. Then, your classroom will replicate the technological powerhouse society in which students live. Finally, always think about standardized test scores instead of unofficial evaluation statistics and urge parents to do the same. Teachers and teams of teachers must make certified, knowledgeable verdicts based on their individual students’ requirements and skill levels, in relation to curricular necessities and framework. To do this, teachers must be directed and sustained in an uninterrupted learning progression about successful ways to make students learn. Which brings me to my point, an educator must have knowledge and if they do not have knowledge then there are ways to create knowledge in the workplace as I mentioned before. Goodlad (2004) believe that school teaching and leadership are moral endeavors and that preservice teacher education programs seldom address the needs for moral leadership in democratic school (p. 27). According to Pelonis and Gialamas (2010) Successful leadership in the international academic arena calls for leaders to have the following qualities to be continuous learners, risk takers ,visionaries , performing well under stress and able to promote and accommodate change. The ability to cope with and promote change will in fact determine to a large degree the effectiveness of the leader during transitional times ( p. 73). Successful leaders are sensitive to the situation and their followers, are flrxible,and able to adopt to the use situation to ensure that the vision is achieved. A challenging, worthwhile vision is also characteristic of a good leader. The leaders helps the follower transcend their own self-interest and participate in a vision for greater good (Cacioppe,1997). According to Leboeuf (1999) the first element to consider in developing a philosophy of leadership is vision (p. 29). Nanus (1992) contends that vision must be idealistic a mental model of future state of the organization. He also stated that vision must also possess the properties of appropriateness, standards of excellence, purpose and direction (Nanus, 1992). Philosophy examins how meaning is determined and knowledge is established through language usage (Peter, 1966). Leadership philosophy reflects his principals , values,personal , professional goals and talents. It is essential to identify strategies and be st practice for implementing the adopted philosophy. If one adopts the model of leadership in partnership with flexibility, then strategy would require the leader and the leadership team to meet and clearly precisely define the authority and accountability of each (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). The idea of shared leadership is variously termed dispersed, roving, distributive,collective,or group-centered leadership, and organizations are referred to as leaderful. All of us have leadership qualities that can be pooled and drawn upon as needed. (Nirenburg, 1993) Generativity is the ability to produce or originate , and generative leaders are individuals who create new options or new approachers to old problems and work with and through others to effect needed change, Generative leaders are intellectually curious and never satisfied with the status quo; they are resilient and optimistic, seeing opportunties where others see insoluble problems (Disch, 2009). According to Disch (2009) Generative leaders model creativity and innovations,work with others to enhance their capabilities and create environ,environments in which people can do their best work (p. 173). Transformational leaders are individually considerate, that is, they pay close attention to differences among their employees; they act as mentors to those who need help to grow and develop. Intellectual stimulation leader are willing and able to show their employees new ways of looking at old problems to be solved, and to emphasize rational solutions. (Bass, 1990) Situational leadership is one of several transaction al approaches to leadership. Other transactional theories like path goal theory and leader-participation theory describes the major task of the leaders to guide motivate task of he leader to guide and motivate their followers in the direction of established goals and to reward their efforts in ways that are fair and valued by followers Situational leadership uses the two dimensions of supportive and directive to describe four leadership styles that are most appriopate depending on the situation and the developmental level of the person or group. The major advace of the situation approach is the recognition that for different development levels and different types of situation, different leadership styles are more effective (Cacioppe ,1997). How to cite Philosophy of Leadership, Papers

Entrepreneurship and marketing paper analyses †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Entrepreneurship And Marketing Paper Analyses? Answer: Introduction The success of any business depends on different factors. One of these factors is the way in which the entrepreneur plans, controls and markets their enterprises (Hapiro, 2013). To succeed in any business any business operation, entrepreneurs should be risk takers because the process of running business is associated with various risks. Entrepreneurs are characterized by being passionate, optimistic and future oriented. They trust being successful and are always willing to risk their resources to attain profit. They have high levels of energy and are at times impatient. Being a successful entrepreneur one has to know important aspects involved in running businesses like marketing, managing of resources and so forth. One of the factors which challenge the success of businesses is competition. This means good strategies of marketing should be considered by entrepreneurs who want to succeed in their ventures (Dvila Mora, 2013). Before starting a business, entrepreneurs should understanding several factors associated with running a business like for example what are the dark sides of entrepreneurship, why sell this service, who are the target customers, which is the best way of segmenting the potential market and so forth. This knowledge assists entrepreneurs to plan on how to manage their businesses in a manner which can assist them to attain a competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship Question one The life of entrepreneurs is associated with different dark sides. Some of them include mood swings, balance, and trust. For mood swings, entrepreneurs are associated with abrupt and apparently unaccountable change of mood especially when things do not go their way. They at times want to attain something which means a lot to their business but when that does not happen, they switch off their moods until something positive happens (Fbci, 2011). For entrepreneurs, work-life balance is something they do not value because they convince themselves and their friends that business is their life. They do not consider that their minds require refreshing from time to time. In most cases, people come and go in the lives of entrepreneurs (Berman, 2014). This makes them to lose trust and question everything and everyone. Stopping to believe and trusting acts as threat to the entrepreneurs because it contributes to their failure. A good example which indicates that running a business involves dark sides which entrepreneurs need to plan for is Goodmans idea of questioning his ability of delivering the product to the market and taking some time to make it work. Good entrepreneurs are not the one who always succeeds, but the ones who knows how to use their mistakes to come up with strategies which can assist them to attain their goals (Dvila Mora, 2013). Entrepreneurs should also know how to address their dark sides in a manner which can assist their business to succeed Question two Basing argument from GoPro case, Peter Druckers statement should be refuted because entrepreneurship seems not to do anything with learning. This is because the process of initiation this company began without a lot of education or undergoing any course related to entrepreneurship. Woodman began from creativity and passion (Bessie, 2012). There was nothing to do with learning because from the case study we are told that this man was mostly focused on sports than books. Being focused on sports had something to do with the kind of business he was to operate because when the business started one of the target customers were sports people. Another reason which leads to disagreement with Peter Druckers statement is that entrepreneurship is about planning not about the going through a particular course (Grzegorz, 2012). From the case study, woodman had never failed in anything apart from computer science engineering classes. The case study also indicates that this man was passionate and good in planning. This shows that his entrepreneurship was primarily triggered by his ability to plan well and desire to succeed. Woodman became a millionaire at younger age not because he was learned but because he was innovative and the ability to challenge those in charge. Challenging those above him means this man was able to think critically and could also put his ideas into reality. Putting ideas into reality is an important aspect in entrepreneurship because beginning a business involves identifying a gap and putting ideas into action Another factor which leads to disagreement with Peter Druckers statement is that from the Case study stated, woodman that if he did not follow his passion for surfing, he would not have come up with the concept to make a wrist camera. In this case, woodman did not mention education in his idea of coming up with a wrist camera. Passion, planning, determination and risk taking are what make an entrepreneur, not education. The start of GoPro and its success was mostly triggered by passion and risk taking. Marketing and strategic planning Question one There are various factors which assisted this company to attain a competitive advantage. One of these factors is using excellent marketing strategies (Pankaj, 2016). From the case study, it is clear that GoPro had a clear idea of its products and the customers it was to target. For example, Woodman knew the sports industry was in need of high quality cameras for recording games. One of the factors which shows the cameras had demand in sports is EFL using them to capture different events during games. The company also targeted the military because woodman had an idea that it required good cameras for recording their training sessions. Another factor which made this company to attain a competitive advantage is coming up with quality product and proving to the customers that quality differentiates its products from those of other companies (Kurian, 2013). For example, woodman used his camera during his flight to record his journey. Different people can perceive his action differently but arguing from marketing perspective one can say that his main idea was to advertise GoPro products through making the people realizing that the cameras can record events which need to be kept for memories. Competitive advantage of this company is also triggered by using good advertisement tools. For example, from the Case study we are told that though Woodman does not have Twitter account and is inactive on Facebook, he spends millions of dollars every year to make sure the GoPro name is hashtagged. The use of social medial in advertising has gained popularity in the recent years because of its ability to connect large number of people. Using social media and spending millions of dollars shows that this company values using the best advertisement tools irrespective of the cost. Innovation has also enabled this company to maintain its competitive advantage (Dusan, 2013). Since its inception, this GoPro has been working through innovation and technology to come up with products which can assist it to challenge its main competitors. For example from the case study, Woodman needed to come up with a camera which was durable enough to take the wear and tear of the sea.This shows that this company is always committed to come up with products which can enable its customers to have new experiences, and ones which can perform better than those of its competitors. Good pricing strategy is also another factor which assisted GoPro to attain and maintain its competitive advantage (Berman, 2014). Since its inception, the company has been making sure that its pricing is worth the quality of its products. It also ensures that the pricing are decided based on several factors like for example the target customers, key competitors and so forth. This strategy has been assisting this firm to attract many customers because consumers compare price and quality when making buying decisions. Differentiation also plays a significant role in assisting GoPro to attain a competitive advantage. The company designs its products in a unique way which enables the customers to differentiate them from those of other companies (Karel, 2011). The fact that the company was initiated and operated by a millionaire played a significant role in assisting it to attain a competitive advantage because he was able to meet all marketing costs. Question two From the case study, one of the threats which this company is facing is impact from the use of cell phones. As time goes on, people are moving from using the GoPro cameras to relying on their smartphone cameras to record events (Ronald, 2015). This factor has been triggered by the fact that technology and innovation is leading to emergence of smartphones with cameras which have high mega pixels. This means people are not finding the sense of buying another camera when their phones can serve their various needs including taking pictures as well as recording videos. To address this threat, the company should improve the quality of its cameras so that customers can find the sense of purchasing them (Hess, 2011). One of the strategies of improving their quality is by improving megapixels and storage capacity. When these two features are closely related to those of advanced smartphones, customers will prefer purchasing the smartphones instead of GoPro cameras because the phones can do what the cameras can do and still serve other needs. Another way of addressing this threat is changing the pricing strategy (Cheryl, 2012). The management should price its products wisely because the company competes with not only with firms which deal with cell phones but also with other companies which deal with similar products. Prices in this case should be planned based on those of advanced smartphones and also those of other companies which deal with similar products like Sony. Another way which this company can address the threat of smartphones is through targeting the right customers and segmenting its market properly. The other threat which this company is facing is pressure from competitors (Wolfigang, 2014). Some of the companies which this company competes with have taken note of its success and have established strategies to challenge it. For example, from the case study we are told that Sony wants to position its self as the strong number two with features like image stabilization and stereo sound, which this GoPro does not have. This means competitors are taking the advantage of GoPros weaknesses of to come up with strategies which can make it lose its market share. To address this threat, GoPro should analyze the strategies used by its competitors and use the information obtained from these analyses to come up with strategies which can assist it to maintain its market share and competitive advantage (Daniela, 2012). The company should also introduce what it does not have because consumers like purchasing from companies which provide a wide variety of products. GoPro should also innovate and use quality as one of the factors which can assist it to maintain its competitive advantage. This is because some companies which compete with it like Sony have strong brand names which make the customers believe their products are of good quality. Quality in this case will not only assist GoPro to maintain its competitive advantage but will also help it to have strong brand names (Rajeev, 2012). One of the strategies which this company can use to improve the quality of its products is being innovative and incorporating the modern technology in its operations. The company should find out the customer expectations and work based on them to ensure it comes up with products which satisfy their needs. Though woodman feels that the market he created is big enough for multiple companies, Sony is ready to take the advantage of being a camera company first. This means Woodman should not feel the market he created is sufficient for multiple companies because some of its competitors are ready to dominate the big market. Instead of feeling the market is big for multiple companies, woodman should direct the company towards attaining a bigger market share through providing products based on customer expectations and using good marketing strategies which can assist in improving and maintaining customer loyalty. Conclusion Entrepreneurs face three major dark sides which include mood swings, balance, and trust (Dusan, 2013). To overcome these dark sides, proper planning before commencing a business is required. Based on the case study, Peter Druckers statement seems not true because based on how Woodman started and operated the business, one cannot refer entrepreneurship as a discipline which one can learn. This is because woodmans entrepreneurship was mostly triggered by passion, planning and risk taking. From the case study we are told that woodman paid more attention on sports than in studies and could challenge those above him, meaning education had to do nothing with his entrepreneurship skills. GoPro obtained its competitive advantage by using unique marketing strategies like targeting the right customers and making the people realize the importance of using its products. This company faces two major threats which includes shift from using GoPro cameras to using advanced smartphone cameras, and also the threat of increased pressure from competitors. References Berman, P., 2014. Successful Business Process Management: What You Need to Know to Get Results. 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